Work from the front cover to the back, or pick it up in the places that interest you—it doesn’t matter. What does matter is that you read Code Craft with an open mind, and think about how to apply what you read to what you do. A wise man learns from is mistakes; a wiser man learns from the mistakes of others. It’s always good to learn from others’ experiences, so look at this material, and then ask the opinion of a programmer you respect. Look over the questions and discuss them together. As you learn code craft, I hope you enjoy yourself. When you have finished, look back and see how much more of the craft you appreciate, how your skills have grown, and how your attitudes have improved. If nothing has changed, then this book has failed. I’m sure it won’t.
The C# programming language is a powerful, relatively new descendant of Tthe earlier C, C++, and Java languages. Programming with it is a lot of fun, as you’re about to find out in this book.When the first edition of this book came out, Microsoft’s C# compiler was the only game in town, and its Visual Studio .NET suite of tools offered the only way to program C# (other than at the Windows command line). Since then, however, Visual Studio has gone through two major revisions — Visual Studio 2003 and, very recently, Visual Studio 2005. And at least two other players have entered the C# game.
It’s now possible to write and compile C# programs on a variety of Unix-based machines using either the Mono or Portable .NET implementations of .NET and C#:
1. Mono (www.go-mono.com) is an open-source software project spon sored by Novell Corporation. Version 1.1.8 came out in June 2005. While Mono lags Microsoft’s .NET, just now implementing the 1.1 version that Microsoft released a couple of years ago, it appears to be moving fast.
2. Portable .NET, under the banner of Southern Storm Software and DotGNU www.dotgnu.org/pnet.html), is also open-source. Portable .NET is atversion 0.7.0 as of this writing.
Both Mono and Portable .NET claim to run C# programs on Windows and a variety of Unix flavors, including Linux and Apple’s Macintosh operating system. At this writing, Portable .NET reaches the greater number of flavors, while Mono boasts a more complete .NET implementation. So choosing between them can be complicated, depending on your project, your platform, and your goals. (Books about programming for these platforms are becoming available already. Check http://www.amazon.com/.)
Open-source software is written by collaborating groups of volunteer programmers and is usually free to the world.
Making C# and other .NET languages portable to other operating systems is far beyond the scope of this book. But you can expect that within a few years, the C# Windows programs you discover how to write in this book will run on all sorts of hardware under all sorts of operating systems — matching the claim of Sun Microsystems’ Java language to run on any machine. That’s undoubtedly a good thing, even for Microsoft. The road to that point is still under construction, so it’s no doubt riddled with potholes and obstacles to true universal portability for C#. But it’s no longer just Microsoft’s road.
For the moment, however, Microsoft’s Visual Studio has the most mature versions of C# and .NET and the most feature-filled toolset for programming with them.
If all you need is C#, I’ve included a bonus chapter called “C# on the Cheap” on the CD that accompanies this book. That chapter tells you how you can write C# code virtually for free. (You’ll be missing lots of amenities, including the nice visual design tools that Visual Studio 2005 provides, but you can write Windows code without them, especially the kind of code in this book.
Bonus Chapter 5 explains how.)
Note:Two authors wrote this book, but it seemed more economical to say “I”
instead of “we,” so that’s what we (I?) do throughout.
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Seldom in the history of computer software has any technology received such a positive response from developers and the industry,even while the technology is still in its nascent beta stage.The .NET Beta2 SDK from Microsoft has already been downloaded by millions of developers all over the world.There have been dozens of published books,Web sites and newsgroups devoted to the .NET platform,its relatedtechnologies and languages.
Microsoft has invested billions of dollars and years of research in the creation of .NET..NET is a comprehensive strategy ,consisting of operating systems,database servers,application servers,and the .NET Runtime,as well as managed languages that operate over the .NET platform.
Many people see the .NET platform as the practical implementation of the previously formulated Windows DNA.Others see it as a response to developer woes from working with previous technologies and languages.However,the common opinion simply offers that .NET is a significant improvement over previous Microsoft technologies.The .NET platform has been built from the ground up with numerous goals in mind,including security, scalability, reliability, flexibility, and interoper ability these goals have all been dealt with from the start to help to make the .NET platform enterprise ready and developer friendly.
The .NET platform displays a significant shift in Microsoft’s thinking.While building the .NET platform,Microsoft has shown strong support for open standards like XML,SOAP,and UDDI,rather than building its own proprietary standards and technologies.Even the core part of the .NET platform—the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI)—and the C# specifications have been placed before ECMA for standardization.
C# is defined as a simple,modern,object-oriented,and type-safe programming anguage derived from C and C++.Developed by Anders Hejlsberg of Microsoft specially for the .NET platform,C# derives its features from a number of languages like C,C++,and Java.Specifically written to offer the simplicity of Visual Basic and power of C++ as an object-oriented language,C# makes it easier for developers to create,debug,and deploy enterprise applications.It has also been predicted that C# will become the favored language for developing applications on the .NET platform
Visual Studio.NET,the next version of Visual Studio IDE,is also a key component of the .NET strategy.The Visual Studio.NET IDE has also been given a facelift and packed with a wide variety of new functionalities.A bitmap editor,debugger, Web Forms designer,Windows Forms designer,Web Services designer,XML editor, HTML editor,Web browser,Server Resources Explorer,and multi-language support have all been packed into one single IDE.
The focus of The C#.NET Web Developer’s Guideis not on teaching you the core C# language,but rather providing you with code examples that will help you leverage the functionalities of the .NET Framework Class Libraries.The .NET Framework collection of base classes cover many of the multiple APIs.Although impossible for one book to cover all the features,in this book we have covered the key concepts,libraries,and APIs of the .NET Framework that we feel will help you easily create new applications using C#. You have a whole host of features to learn and master,so why wait? Let’s get started!!
Preface
Microsoft's .NET Framework represents the most significant change in software development methodology for a Microsoft operating system since the introduction of Windows. It is built using an architecture that allows software languages to work together, sharing resources and code, to provide developers with the advanced tools necessary to build the next generation of desktop and Internet-enabled applications. Microsoft's Visual Studio .NET product includes new versions of their Visual Basic and C++ compiler products that target .NET development, as well as a brand new language called C# (pronounced "C-sharp").
C# Bible will show you how to write code using this brand new language. Language constructs such as statements, variables, control loops, and classes are all covered. In addition, the book will show you how to apply C# to programming tasks that developers often face in the real world. The final portions of the book will show you how to use C# to develop Web sites, access databases, work with legacy COM and COM+ objects, develop Windows desktop applications, work with various .NET Framework concepts, and more.
The primary focus of this book is .NET development using C# as the implementation language and the .NET Framework's C# command-line compiler as the primary development tool. C# development using the Visual Studio .NET tool is not covered in this book, although the task of using Visual Studio .NET to develop C# applications can be easily mastered once the fundamentals of .NET development using C# are well understood.
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SAS JACOBS is a web developer who set up her own business, Anything Is Possible, in 1994, working in the areas of web development, IT training, and technical writing. The business works with large and small clients building web applications with .NET, Flash, XML, and databases. Sas has spoken at such conferences as Flashforward, webDU (previously known as MXDU), and FlashKit on topics related to XML and dynamic content in Flash. In her spare time, Sas is passionate about traveling, photography, running, and enjoyinglife.
I wrote the book for web developers at all levels. For those developers unfamiliar with XML applications, the book provides a great starting point and introduces some important client and server-side techniques. More experienced developers can benefit from exposure toimportant coding techniques and understanding the workflow involved in creating XML applications.
The book starts with an explanation of XML and introduces the different components of an XML document. It then shows some related recommendations, including Document Type Definitions (DTDs), XML schema, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT), XPath, XLink, and XPointer. I cover some common XML vocabularies, such as Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML), Mathematical Markup Language (MathML), and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG).
The book finishes by examining how to work with XML on the server. It covers two serverside languages: PHP 5 and .NET 2.0. The last chapters of the book deconstruct two XML applications: a News application and a Community Weather Portal application.
Many different technologies are available today for developing complex web sites and web applications and with so many to choose from, it’s great that there’s one technology in particular that stands out from the crowd and is such a joy to use. ASP.NET 2.0 is a fantastic technology that enables you to develop web sites and applications with very little hassle. Developing web applications was never this easy, yet even though it may appear simple, there is real power and depth to this technology that enables it tohost even the most complex applications available today.With every new release from Microsoft comes a new way of thinking, new technologies designed tomake your life easier, and the best-ever programming experience; ASP.NET 2.0 is no exception to this rule. Whether you have developed web applications before, or if you are completely new to the world of web development, there’s a lot to learn about this particular version of the technology.
Built on top of version 2.0 of the .NET Framework, ASP.NET 2.0 extends on the functionality first seen in ASP.NET 1.0 and 1.1. At its core, you have a control-based, event- drivenarchitecture, which means that you have the ability to add small blocks of code to a page, and see dynamic results with minimal effort, and you can react to user input to provide a smooth and intuitive user experience.
The biggest change since the previous edition of ASP.NET is in the amount of code you have to write the ASP.NET team aimed for a 70% reduction in the amount of code you write, and having spent timemyself working with ASP.NET 2.0 in the field, even if this claim does sound somewhat large, the reduction in time spent with fingers on keys is very noticeable. The mundane and repetitive tasks that you would have previously had to complete have been simplified. For example, providing user login functionality to a site is now a very swift process—adding a few controls to a page and setting up some user accounts is pretty much all you need to do to get basic user login functionality implemented on a site, and personalizing the user experience is just a step away from there!
Now add the new development environment designed for building ASP.NET 2.0 applications, Visual Web Developer (available on its own, or as part of Visual Studio 2005), and you will find building dynamic, feature-rich applications to be a fast, smooth process. Visual Web Developer is a new innovation from Microsoft, and was developed mostly in response todeveloper demand. Previous editions of Visual Studio .NET were not great when it came to web programming, and you’d often find your code had been “fixed” for you behind the scenes because your HTMLcame out looking very different thanthe way it went in originally! Visual Web Developer has a fantastic HTMLediting environment, and a really smooth and intuitive interface for developing complex ASP.NET applications. Best of all, it’s a low-cost product, which makes it accessible to a wide audience who may not be able to afford the complete Visual Studio package.
Introduction
The second edition of this text (C# and the .NET Platform,Second Edition)provided me the opportunity to expand upon the existing content with regard to version 1.1 of the .NET platform.
Although the second edition of the book did offer a number of new topics, a number of chapters and examples wereunable to make it into the final product.
Once the text entered its third edition (Pro C# 2005 and the .NET 2.0 Platform), the manuscript
was updated to account for the numerous bells and whistles brought about by.NET 2.0 (new C#
programming constructs, generics, updates to core APIs, etc.), and it included new material that
had long been written but not yet published (such as content on the common intermediate language [CIL] and dynamic assemblies, and expanded ASP.NET coverage).
It’s been well over a year since I first began working with the team over at Spout (www.spout.com). In the course of that year, I’ve been professionally challenged by the sheer amount of cutting-edge work that I have been asked to develop. I can still remember Brian Anderson(NuSoft Solutions) coming to Nick McCollum and me with a few sheets of paper detailing a new third-party web tool that we should take a look at. The design documents were a brief listing of the sample code for Ajax.NET by Michael Schwarz. Not only had Michael built an awesome library, but he had done so for free. Nick and I embraced the library without hesitation. Admittedly, we overused the library at first. We Ajax’d the site to its fullest extent. Need auser control built? Use Ajax! At least that is how it felt at first. We were truly excited (and remain so today) about the possibilities of Ajax and where it would lead our project. I want to share this excitement with you.
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AUTHOR :
- Cristian Darie
- Bogdan Brinzarea
- Filip Chereches-Tosa
- Mihai Bucica
AJAX is a complex phenomenon that means different things to different people. Computer users appreciate that their favorite websites are now friendlier and feel more responsive. Web developers learn new skills that empower them to create sleek web applications with little effort. Indeed, everything sounds good about AJAX! At its roots, AJAX is a mix of technologies that lets you get rid of the evil page reload, which represents the dead time when navigating from one page to another. Eliminating page reloads is just one step away from enabling more complex features into websites, such as real-time data validation, drag and drop, and other tasks that weren't traditionally associated with web applications. Although the AJAX ingredients are mature (the XMLHttpRequest object, which is the heart of AJAX, was created by Microsoft in 1999), their new role in the new wave of web trends is very young, and we'll witness a number of changes before these technologies will be properly used to the best benefit of the end users. At the time of writing this book, the "AJAX" name is about just one year old.
By Mohammed J.kabir(author of Red Hat Linux Server)
Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (Ajax) is both something old and something new- old because already existing technologies are used, but new because it combines these existing technologies into techniques that very few considered previously. Simply put, because of Ajax a new generation of applications and ideas are bubbling on the developer scene. A very brief definition of Ajax is as follows:
Ajax is a technology that complements Web 2.0 and the integration of many web services at once.
This brief definition poses more questions than it answers, as now you are likely wondering
what Web 2.0 is and what the integration of many web services are. Web 2.0 can be thought of as the Internet economy. Think about something as typical as an encyclopedia, and you will start to think about salespeople who carry extremely heavy books and knock on doors. In a Web 2.0 context, an encyclopedia means Wikipedia (http://www.wikipedia.org). The Wikipedia project is an open effort by humanity to record itself. Whereas for a traditional encyclopedia a set of writers and editors write about certain topics, Wikipedia is created by people who write about what they know. Get enough people together and you get an encyclopedia that is on the Internet. What is thought-provoking about the Wikipedia project is that anybody can edit it, and therefore it usually contains more current and unusual information than a traditional encyclopedia. In some instances Wikipedia’s selfcorrecting capabilities have proven to be problematic, but considering the scale and depth of the project, those instances have been exceptions. The second part of Ajax is the integration of many web services at once. Ajax allows a higher level of interactivity in a HyperText Markup Language (HTML) page than was possible without Ajax technologies. The result is that an Ajax application changes from a web application to a web service manipulation technology. In a traditional web application, navigating content meant changing HTML pages. With Ajax, navigating content means navigating web services that could be generating HTML content, or Extensible Markup Language (XML) content, or other content.
Addison.Wesley
By : Will stott, James NewKirk
Who Should Read This Book?
- People new to software development—Teaches you how to u VSTS and gives you the core skills you need in order to work etively on an Agile team. There are few assumptions about you technical background, but some knowledge of using Visual Studio will help when completing the exercises.
- Experienced developers—Puts what you already know into the context of an Agile project and explains how to make good use of the new tools provided by VSTS. People who are encountering Microsoft technology for the first time should find the exercises and glossary particularly useful.
- Architects—Explains the new VSTS tools for software architects, but its real value lies in helping you to adapt your skills so that you can add value to an Agile team.
- Testers—Helps you understand the expanded role of testers on an Agile team and explains how to use the basic VSTS tools needed to test software in this new Software Project environment.
- Business analysts and customers—Explains how an Agile approach can give your business a better return on investment. You’ll also learn how an Agile team works to make sure you get the software you want, when you need it.
- Project managers—Describes how to transition your people onto a small Agile team so that they can deliver better-quality software, in less time and for less cost. In addition, you’ll discover how VSTS gathers information about a project into one place to make the running of the project more transparent.
- Software entrepreneurs—Provides you with a road map for settingup a small, top-performing software team. It reveals the key technical and people issues you need to address through a series of anecdotes and comments gleaned from the decades we’ve spent working in the industry.
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AddisonWesley
By William C. Wake
Why read this book?
Java and object-oriented programming. The first section of the book uses Java examples to focus on test-first programming and refactoring. Programmers may find the discussion of team practices useful as well, particular the ideas about metaphors and simple design. ?Extreme programming, from the perspectives of programmer,customer, and manager. We’ll explore several areas more deeply or from a different perspective than the rest of the XP literature, especially the team-oriented practices, the metaphor, the planningprocess, and daily activities.
Software process in general. XP is one of a number of so-called “lightweight” or “adaptive” processes that have been introduced in the last few years. By looking at XP’s process more deeply, we can more clearly delineate where XP fits in with these related processes.
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Addison.Wesley
By : Gerard Meszaros
Preface
If you look at how most programmers spend their time, you’ll fi nd that writing code is actually a small fraction. Some time is spent fi guring out what ought to be going on, some time is spent designing, but most time is spent debugging. I’m sure every reader can remember long hours of debugging, often long into the night. Every programmer can tell a story of a bug that took a whole day (or more) to fi nd. Fixing the bug is usually pretty quick, but fi nding it is a nightmare. And then when you do fi x a bug, there’s always a chance that anther one will appear and that you might not even notice it until much later.
Then you spend ages fi nding that bug. Some software is very diffi cult to test manually. In these cases, we are often forced into writing test programs.
I recall a project I was working on in 1996. My task was to build an event framework that would let client software register for an event and be notified when some other software raised that event (the Observer [GOF] pattern). I could not think of a way to test this framework without writing some sample client software. I had about 20 different scenarios I needed to test, so I coded up each scenario with the requisite number of observers, events, and event raisers. At first, I logged what was occurring in the console and scanned it manually. This scanning became very tedious very quickly.
Being quite lazy, I naturally looked for an easier way to perform this testing. For each test I populated a Dictionary indexed by the expected event and the expected receiver of it with the name of the receiver as the value. When a particular receiver was notifi ed of the event, it looked in the Dictionary for the entry indexed by itself and the event it had just received. If this entry existed, the receiver removed the entry. If it didn’t, the receiver added the entry with an error message saying it was an unexpected event notifi cation.
After running all the tests, the test program merely looked in the Dictionary and printed out its contents if it was not empty. As a result, running all of my tests had a nearly zero cost. The tests either passed quietly or spewed a list of test failures. I had unwittingly discovered the concept of a Mock Object (page 544) and a Test Automation Framework (page 298) out of necessity!
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Addison Wesley
This book is about POSTGRESQL, the most advanced open source database. From its origins in
academia,POSTGRESQL has moved to theInternet with explosive growth.It ishard to believe the advances during the past four years under the guidance of a team of world wideInternet developers. This book is a testament to their vision, and to the success that POSTGRESQL has become. The book is designed to lead the reader from their first database query through the complex queries needed to solve real-world problems. No knowledge of database theory or practice is required.However, basic knowledge ofoperating system capabilities is expected,such ast he ability to type at an operating system prompt. Beginning with a short history of POSTGRESQL,the book moves from simple queries to the mostimportant database commands.Common problems are covered early,which should prevent
users from getting stuck with queries that fail.The author has seen many bug reports in the past
few years and consequently has attempted to warn readers about the common pit falls.
With a firm foundation established,additional commands are introduced.The later chapters
outline complex to pics like transactions and performance.
Ateachstep,the purpose of each command is clearly illustrated.The goal is to have readers
understand more than query syntax.They should know why each command is valuable,so they
can use the proper commands in their real-world database applications.
A data base novice should read the entirebook,while skimming over the later chapters.The
complex nature of data base systems should not prevent readers from getting started.Test
databases offer as a feway totry queries.As readers gain experience,later chapters will begin to make more sense.Experienced database users can skip the early chapters on basic SQL
functionality.The cross-referencing of sections allows you to quickly move from general to more spesific Information...........
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This is a book about Extreme Programming (XP). XP is a lightweight methodology for small-to-
medium-sized teams developing software in the face of vague or rapidly changing requirements.
This book is intended to help you decide if XP is for you. To some folks, XP seems like just good common sense. So why the "extreme" in the name? XP takes commonsense principles and practices to extreme levels.
- If code reviews are good, we'll review code all the time (pair programming).
- If testing is good, everybody will test all the time (unit testing), even the customers (functional testing).
- If design is good, we'll make it part of everybody's daily business (refactoring).
- If simplicity is good, we'll always leave the system with the simplest design that supports its current functionality (the simplest thing that could possibly work).
- If architecture is important, everybody will work defining and refining the architecture all the time (metaphor).
- If integration testing is important, then we'll integrate and test several times a day (continuous integration).
- If short iterations are good, we'll make the iterations really, really short—seconds and minutes and hours, not weeks and months and years (the Planning Game).
When I first articulated XP, I had the mental image of knobs on a control board. Each knob was a
practice that from experience I knew worked well. I would turn all the knobs up to 10 and see what happened. I was a little surprised to find that the whole package of practices was stable,
predictable, and flexible.
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This book presents every major C++language feature and the standard library. It is organized around language and library facilities. However, features are presented in the context of their use.That is, the focus is on the language as the tool for design and programming rather than on the language in itself. This book demonstrates key techniques that make C++effective and teaches the fundamental concepts necessary for mastery. Except where illustrating technicalities, examples are taken from the domain of systems software. A companion,The Annotated C++Language Standard, presents the complete language definition together with annotations to make it more comprehensible. The primary aim of this book is to help the reader understand how the facilities offered by C++ support key programming techniques. The aim is to take the reader far beyond the point where he or she gets code running primarily by copying examples and emulating programming styles from other languages. Only a good understanding of the ideas behind the language facilities leads to mastery. Supplemented by implementation documentation, the information provided is sufficient for completing significant real-world projects. The hope is that this book will help the reader gain new insights and become a better programmer and designer.
Acknowledgments
In addition to the people mentioned in the acknowledgement sections of the first and second editions, I would like to thank Matt Austern, Hans Boehm, Don Caldwell, Lawrence Crowl, Alan Feuer, Andrew Forrest, David Gay, Tim Griffin, Peter Juhl, Brian Kernighan, Andrew Koenig, Mike Mowbray, Rob Murray, Lee Nackman, Joseph Newcomer, Alex Stepanov, David Vandevoorde, Peter Weinberger, and Chris Van Wyk for commenting on draft chapters of this third edition.Without their help and suggestions, this book would have been harder to understand, contained more errors, been slightly less complete, and probably been a little bit shorter.
I would also like to thank the volunteers on the C++standards committees who did an immense amount of constructive work to make C++what it is today. It is slightly unfair to single out individuals, but it would be even more unfair not to mention anyone, so I’d like to especially mention Mike Ball, Dag Bruck, Sean Corfield, Ted Goldstein, Kim Knuttila, Andrew Koenig, José e Lajoie, Dmitry Lenkov, Nathan Myers, Martin O’Riordan, Tom Plum, Jonathan Shopiro, John Spicer, Jerry Schwarz, Alex Stepanov, and Mike Vilot, as people who each directly cooperated with me over some part of C++and its standard library.
Book Cover
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